َAndisheha-ye Huquq-e Omumi, Volume 13, Issue 2, No 25, Year 2024, Pages 97-117

    A Comparison of the "Western Coalition's Attack on Syria" and "Iran's Attack on the Iraq Kurdistan Region" from the Perspective of International Law

    Article Type: 
    Research
    Writers:
    ✍️ Seyed Mohammad Hoseini / PhD Graduate in International Law, Mofid University / mh_smh@yahoo.com
    Mohammad Habibi Majandeh / Associate Professor, Department of Law, Mofid University / mhabibiim@gmail.com
    97-117 2024/08/30 2024/12/23 2024/09/05
    dor 20.1001.1.24235725.1403.13.2.5.8
    doi 10.22034/hoghoughi.2024.5000641✓
    Abstract: 
    Abstract Syria was twice accused, in 2013 and 2017, of using chemical weapons against armed rebel groups. Following the 2013 allegation, the United States, France, and the United Kingdom threatened Syria with the use of force. In 2017, the United States put the threat of using force into action by firing missiles at the Al-Shayrat airbase in Syria. The Islamic Republic of Iran also carried out attacks in 2022 against Kurdish separatist groups in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The main question of the present article is: what similarities and differences exist, both in terms of the justification or justificatory bases for these attacks and in terms of the international community's feedback to these two matters? The Western coalition each justified the Syrian incident from their own perspective. Humanitarian intervention, the Responsibility to Protect (R2P), and collective self-defense are the reasons cited by officials of these three countries to justify their actions under international law rules. The Islamic Republic of Iran also carried out the missile attack on the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, citing the right to self-defense. An analysis of these two incidents and the reactions to them reveals a biased and double-standard approach by Western countries towards the norms of international law.
    Keywords: 
    legal defense
    Syrian chemical attacks
    Iraq Kurdistan
    Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
    humanitarian intervention
    چکیده و کلیدواژه فارسی (Persian)
    Title :مقایسۀ «حملة ائتلاف غربی به سوریه» و «حملة ایران به اقلیم کردستان عراق» از منظر حقوق بین‌الملل
    Abstract: 
    کشور سوریه دو بار در سال‌های 2013 و 2017 متهم به استفاده از سلاح‌های شیمیایی علیه گروه‌های مسلح شورشی گردید. در پی اتهام سال 2013، ایالات متحدۀ امریکا، فرانسه و انگلستان سوریه را به استفاده از زور تهدید نمودند. در سال 2017 ایالات متحدۀ امریکا با شلیک موشک‌هایی به پایگاه الشعیرات در سوریه تهدید به استفاده از زور را جامۀ عمل پوشانید. جمهوری اسلامی ایران نیز در سال 1401 حملاتی را علیه گروه‌های کُردِ تجزیه‌طلب در اقلیم کردستان عراق صورت داده است. مسئلۀ اصلی مقالة پیش‌ رو این است که چه شباهت‌ها و تفاوت‌هایی چه از حیث توجیه یا مبانی توجیهی این حملات و چه از حیث بازخورد جامعۀ بین‌المللی به این دو مسئله وجود دارد؟ ائتلاف غربی هریک از منظر خود به توجیه واقعۀ سوریه پرداخته‌اند. مداخلۀ بشردوستانه، مسئولیت حمایت و دفاع مشروع جمعی، دلائلی است که توسط مقامات این سه کشور برای توجیه اعمال خود ذیل قواعد حقوق بین‌الملل آورده شده است. جمهوری اسلامی ایران نیز حملۀ موشکی به اقلیم کردستان عراق را با استناد به حق دفاع مشروع صورت داده است. تحلیل این دو واقعه و بازخوردهای به آن، نمایانگر برخود سوگیرانه و دوگانۀ کشورهای غربی با موازین حقوق بین‌الملل است.
    Keywords: 
    دفاع مشروع
    حملات شیمیایی سوریه
    کردستان عراق
    مسئولیت حمایت
    مداخله بشردوستانه
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    Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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    APA | MLA | HARVARD | VANCOUVER

    Hoseini, Seyed Mohammad, Habibi Majandeh, Mohammad. (2024) A Comparison of the "Western Coalition's Attack on Syria" and "Iran's Attack on the Iraq Kurdistan Region" from the Perspective of International Law. َAndisheha-ye Huquq-e Omumi, 13(2), 97-117 https://doi.org/10.22034/hoghoughi.2024.5000641.

    APA | MLA | HARVARD | VANCOUVER

    Seyed Mohammad Hoseini; Mohammad Habibi Majandeh."A Comparison of the "Western Coalition's Attack on Syria" and "Iran's Attack on the Iraq Kurdistan Region" from the Perspective of International Law". َAndisheha-ye Huquq-e Omumi, 13, 2, 2024, 97-117

    APA | MLA | HARVARD | VANCOUVER

    Hoseini, S, Habibi Majandeh, M.(2024) 'A Comparison of the "Western Coalition's Attack on Syria" and "Iran's Attack on the Iraq Kurdistan Region" from the Perspective of International Law', َAndisheha-ye Huquq-e Omumi, 13(2), pp. 97-117

    APA | MLA | HARVARD | VANCOUVER

    Hoseini, S, Habibi Majandeh, M. A Comparison of the "Western Coalition's Attack on Syria" and "Iran's Attack on the Iraq Kurdistan Region" from the Perspective of International Law. َAndisheha-ye Huquq-e Omumi, 2024; 13(2): 97-117