َAndisheha-ye Huquq-e Omumi, Volume 13, Issue 1, No 24, Year 2026 , Pages 27-53

    Analysis of Power Relations and International Law within the Framework of Order Theory: An Approach to Distinguishing Between Pure International Law and Internationalized Law

    Article Type: 
    Research
    Writers:
    ✍️ Mohammadreza Alipour / Assistant Professor in the Department of International Law, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran / dr.alipour@iau.ac.ir
    mahmoud bagheri / PhD Student in International Law, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran / dr.mbagheri@iau.ac.ir
    Pages: 27-53 Receive Date: 2026/02/03 Accept Date: 2026/02/03
    dor 20.1001.1.24235725.1402.13.1.2.9
    doi 10.22034/hoghoughi.2025.5001316
    Abstract: 
    The complex relationship between power and international law and its function in the service of domination or resistance is one of the fundamental issues in international relations and law theories. The aim of this research is to analyze this problematic relationship from the perspective of "Order Theory" and to introduce the conceptual distinction between "internationalized law" and "pure international law." The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on the conceptual framework of order theory. Accordingly, international law is a product of the intrinsic need for order in international relations, and its formation, continuity, and evolution occur through the dynamic interaction between power, fixed normative principles, and the agency of international actors; thus, it reflects the hegemony of rulers and the resistance of others. The findings show that "pure international law" is formed based on the consent and equality of actors in the international system and has gained validity and legitimacy relatively independently of the unilateral exercise of power by states. In contrast, "internationalized law" represents actions through institutional mechanisms that violate peremptory norms, universality, state consent, or equality. These concepts make it possible to distinguish between the legitimate exercise of power and its abuse by rulers, providing a criterion for assessing legal validity and a basis for challenging it.
    Keywords: 
    Power
    International Law
    critical approaches
    order theory
    resistance
    rulers
    internationalized law
    چکیده و کلیدواژه فارسی (Persian)
    Title :واکاوی مناسبات قدرت و حقوق بین‌الملل در چارچوب نظریة نظم‌گرایی؛ رهیافتی به تمایز حقوق بین‌الملل خالص و حقوق بین‌المللی‌شده
    Abstract: 
    رابطۀ پیچیده میان قدرت و حقوق بین‌الملل و کارکرد آن در خدمت سلطه یا مقاومت، از مسائل بنیادین نظریه‌های روابط و حقوق بین‌الملل است. هدف پژوهش واکاوی این رابطۀ مسئله‌برانگیز از منظر نظریۀ «نظم‌گرایی» و معرفی تمایز مفهومی «حقوق بین‌المللی‌شده» در برابر «حقوق بین‌الملل خالص» است. روش تحقیق توصیفی ـ تحلیلی و مبتنی‌بر چارچوب مفهومی نظم‌گرایی است. بر این اساس، حقوق بین‌الملل محصول نیاز ذاتی به نظم در مناسبات بین‌المللی است و شکل‌گیری، تداوم و تحول آن در تعامل پویا میان قدرت، اصول ثابت هنجاری و کنشگری بازیگران بین‌المللی صورت می‌گیرد؛ ازاین‌رو بازتاب‌دهندۀ هژمونی حکمرانان و مقاومت سایرین است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد «حقوق بین‌الملل خالص» بر پایۀ رضایت و برابری بازیگران نظام بین‌الملل شکل گرفته و به‌طور نسبی مستقل از اعمال یک‌جانبۀ قدرت‌ها اعتبار و وجاهت یافته است. در مقابل «حقوق بین‌المللی‌شده» بیانگر اقداماتی از طریق سازوکارهای نهادی است که قواعد آمره، عام‌الشمول، رضایت و یا برابری دولت‌ها را نقض می‌کند. این مفاهیم امکان تمیز میان اعمال مشروع و سوء‌استفاده از قدرت توسط حکمرانان را فراهم آورده و سنجه‌ای برای ارزیابی اعتبار حقوقی و زمینه‌ساز به ‌چالش ‌کشیده ‌شدن آن است.
    Keywords: 
    قدرت
    حقوق بین‌الملل
    رویکردهای انتقادی
    نظریۀ نظم‌گرایی
    مقاومت
    حکمرانان
    حقوق بین‌المللی‌شده
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    Alipour, Mohammadreza, bagheri, mahmoud.(2026) Analysis of Power Relations and International Law within the Framework of Order Theory: An Approach to Distinguishing Between Pure International Law and Internationalized Law. َAndisheha-ye Huquq-e Omumi, 13(1), 27-53 https://doi.org/10.22034/hoghoughi.2025.5001316

    APA | MLA | HARVARD | VANCOUVER

    Mohammadreza Alipour; mahmoud bagheri."Analysis of Power Relations and International Law within the Framework of Order Theory: An Approach to Distinguishing Between Pure International Law and Internationalized Law". َAndisheha-ye Huquq-e Omumi, 13, 1, 2026, 27-53

    APA | MLA | HARVARD | VANCOUVER

    Alipour, M, bagheri, M.(2026) 'Analysis of Power Relations and International Law within the Framework of Order Theory: An Approach to Distinguishing Between Pure International Law and Internationalized Law', َAndisheha-ye Huquq-e Omumi, 13(1), pp. 27-53

    APA | MLA | HARVARD | VANCOUVER

    Alipour, M, bagheri, M. Analysis of Power Relations and International Law within the Framework of Order Theory: An Approach to Distinguishing Between Pure International Law and Internationalized Law. َAndisheha-ye Huquq-e Omumi, 2026; 13(1): 27-53