اندیشه‌های حقوق عمومی

In Article 156, Paragraph 5 of the Constitution, the judiciary is entrusted with the duty of “taking appropriate action to prevent the occurrence of crime.” Given the importance of the fundamental category of the person in charge of crime prevention and its role in achieving preventive goals, this study examines the models of the person in charge of crime prevention in the constitutions of countries in order to propose a desirable model for the domestic legal system. The present study, using library data and an analytical-descriptive method, seeks to find an appropriate model of the institution in charge of crime prevention. A study of the constitutions of other countries indicates that there are four models for the person in charge of crime prevention, and in the constitutions of countries, the duty of crime prevention is assigned to the “judiciary”, “executive”, “legislative” and “special institutions”, as appropriate. However, the complexity, multiplicity, and diversity of crime prevention methods, along with the vast geographic and demographic scope of crimes, necessitate the participation of all governing institutions (legislative, executive, and judicial branches), as well as the participation of non-governmental institutions and society in a new model, in such a way that in this system, the responsibility for crime prevention is distributed between major government institutions and other non-governmental institutions in a special structure, depending on the capabilities, type of crime, and appropriate action.